On September 11th 2001 the world was forever changed Essay Example for Free

On kinfolk 11th 2001 the ground was forever changed EssayOn folk 11th 2001 the world was forever changed. The unconscionable stillts, which occurred at the arena Trade Centers in New York, the Pentagon in Washington and on Flight 93, which crashed in Pennsylvania, have forever altered the way Americans view their safety. Every household in the U.S. tuned in to the news on TV, radio, or Internet to see how the world was being twisted in front of their eyes. These events dramatically proved that the United States, the greatest nation in the world, was no longer safe from outside threats. .The furrow market crash of 1929, which led to the depression, the Nipponese attack on Pearl Harbor, and the terrorist attacks of September 11th were all unexpected events that no one could have predicted still had such dramatic effects that they can never be forgotten. All three events seem to be categorized together for a few ingenuous reasons. To the average American citizen these hor rendous events were unforeseen, but noted historians would beg to differ. They cogitate in such instances as Pearl Harbor, The stock market crash of 1929, and September 11th, that the government and many political figures were fore contendned.If they had taken their admonitions more seriously and acted upon them, historians believe that they could have at least made the consequent effects minimal. There were some(prenominal) proceedings that should have elicited American retaliation. It is said that Bin cockeyed himself declared war on America in 1996. In the early 90s, The World Trade Center was car bombed, and Osama Bin Laden was the primary suspect for this assault. Even after that incident no one saw Bin laden as a serious threat and didnt think his dangerous ways could jeopardize our countries well being as a whole.After the attack of September 11th it seems the unification of the American tribe became so strong its virtually indissoluble. Our previously fragile society be came a link so strong we believe it cant be touched by the outside perils of the world. The rise in Nationalism came about in a wave of red white and vipers bugloss colour in. It seemed every face in America was painted with the stars and stripes of our grand old flag.Our countries banner was now the latest fashion closets were overflowing with the celebrated colors of our patriotic nation. Every news station put American flags on their lapels, and waving red, white and blue graphics were put on most channels. some(prenominal) well-known Hollywood figures and successful businesses put together charities benefiting the victims and families affected by September 11. September 11 mended our nations pride and restored our dignity. Such a strong moxie of nationalism can easily be compared to that of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, when East and West Germany celebrated their reunion as one, after being unaffectionate for so long.Subsequent to September 11, the United States face d many abrupt transformations as far as pastimes, lifestyles, and entertainment goes. There were a few detectable differences from the changes following WWII, to those of September 11th. For example, Baseball, the great American pastime was brought to a standstill after September 11, where as Roosevelt motivated people to go to baseball games, and had baseball play a part in the healing of the country. Another difference from 9-11 was that after Pearl Harbor, and the crash of 1929, there were severe cut backs and limitations on how a great deal of certain commodities, such as gasoline and sugar, the average American could use. The difference now is that we are currently at war with the oil capitals of the world. The gas prices are booming and dont appear to be coming down any time soon however, this does not stop the typical egotistic American from buying a brand new fuel consuming SUV.Racism is another topic that has been significantly affected by September 11th .In WWII we knew who the enemy was, it was strictly the Japanese and Germans, however, now its a pin the tail on the donkey1 mentality. After Pearl Harbor many Japanese men were put into internment camps to be interrogated for discipline and kept there, that did not happen after 9-11 however, many Arabs were questioned and racial profiling became a major issue. There was also a great deal of detest crimes aimed at the Arab race and people who had the visual characteristics of the middle-eastern inhabitants. The U.S. was unsure of which persons were solely responsible for the crimes, therefore no individual has the right to go pointing their fingers at any particular(prenominal) group, But the stereotyping and profiling still persists..Exactly one year after Pearl Harbor the stock market had climbed up to almost where it was before (within 10%) now we are suffering a recession because of 9-11.Another fact is that before Pearl Harbor, the country was just coming out the depression and wasnt even fu lly out. The war effort boosted production. 9-11 happened right when the US was at its prime in the economy and the attack destroyed industry and commercial enterprises. Also the government suspended a monopoly trial against GE so that it would not hurt the war effort. After 9-11 the government focused on companies such as Enron and WorldCom. noticeably there are numerous features of September 11th that could be considered. However, It would be virtually impossible to cover all the aspects and phases of such an important date. September 11th, 2001 was a horribly significant date in not only American floor but in world history as well. It brought back horrific memories of such instances as The Bombing of Pearl harbor and can even be compared to the hardships and struggles of The Stock Market Crash of 1929. As a result, the American people came together as one in a battle we like to call the war on terrorism 2.It is obvious this war may be infinite but it is worth the struggle, just knowing, in the future we may perhaps avoid such devastating events. As James Baldwin once wrote A country is only as strong as the people who make it up and the country turns into what the people want it to becomewe made the world were living in and we have to make it over. 3 I think we should all recollect on the events step by step of September 11th, and take into mind, the advice that Baldwin has given us. someday our country can completely overcome all of its vulnerability and end any chances of a date like this form reoccurring.Bibliographywww.time.com/archives/911www.encarta.com/911www.bostonherald.com/911/mediawww.bostonherald.com/911/racewww.american-history.com/history/september11.mgiwww.alternet.org/story.htmlENDNOTES1. Lauren mills, a noted historian currently attending B.H.S. September 15th 2002.2. George W. Bush Jr., AlterNet One Year Later Unintended Consequences of 9/11 and the war on terrorism. War against Iraq pg 33. James Baldwin, AlterNet Before and After Septeme ber11 True courage pg. 5

Terminal Reports Essay Example for Free

Terminal Reports Essay1.) What was your basis fpr selecting your practicum organization?I chose Office of the Solicitor General because one of our 3rd year professor in Political Dynamics, Atty. Rigor Pascual, was a former intern in OSG. He told us that if we want to learn a lot we should prefer OSG as our OJT destination.2.) discern in details your duties and responsibilities in your practicum organization.In the division which I was assigned, they taught the process how to make delegations, file cases, update cases in ECMT, motion and manifestations and separates which includes photocopying of files and recording of new cases sure by our division. These are my duties and responsibilities day-to-day during my OJT. 3.) What were your personal, academic and professional expectations from the Practicum Program?I am expecting to learn more about my future career path every in the fields of law or management and to improve and develop not only my skills but also my personality. All of my expectations were all satisfied after(prenominal) 200-hours of quality on-the-job teaching.4.) Were your expectation met? Why or why not?Im proud to say that all of my expectations were met as I meet learned a lot of things in my 200 hours or 6 weeks of stay in OSG. They taught me a lot of things in the field of law and travel by me some advice how to become a good lawyer. All in all, my stay in OSG was a one o a kind experience that I will never forget.5.) Describe in details your working relationship with your superiors and co-workers/co-trainees.I have a very good relationship with my superiors especially my supervisor Atty. Tadeo as she is very kind and helpful to me. She taught me a lot of things regarding my work to be accomplished and things that might be helpful in my academic training in school. It was a happy workplace as all of the employees in our division were kind and supportive.6.) Describe in detail three incidents related to your practicum where you w ere competent to fullyutilize your academic training.a. I was able to use my knowledge in persons and family relations when I was given a research about mating and adoption. b. My legal research class was also useful whenever I was told to get a SCRA or anything from their library. c. Lastly, my knowledge about computers was also utilized as everyday I am in front of the computer for my paper works (delegation, motion and manifestations etc.).7.) Describe fully any incident(s) which may have proven trouble during your Practicum.There wasnt any disturbing incident that happened during my OJT program and honestly it was more of a productive and enjoyable experience than that of a distressing one.8.) What suggestions cigaret you put forward to further improve the Practicum Program of the Legal Management Department?We should have been given a seminar about our internship program, as it was confusing from the start. We were told inaugural that it is okay to have your OJT outside Me tro Manila and then after some of us have chosen our OJT destination from different provinces, we are told the other way around which was very frustrating and hassling. To improve the Practicum Program of the Legal Management Department, student should be properly informed and knowledgeable about the their OJT program.

An Overview Of Next Plc Marketing Essay

An Overview Of undermentioned Plc Marketing EssayThe plainly way to expunge the successes the lodge has experienced in the past few years in terms of issue of gross sales and profits is to see what opportunities lie on the horizon. In roll to identify these opportunities, the Marketing De let onment of Next Plc has performed a series of internal and external scans passim the company.This report contains an analysis performed on the micro and macro environment of in store(predicate)(a) PLC. The outcomes argon presented in the form of a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis of the company. Further more at that place is a focus on the environment that the company now is in by a PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) and a scan based on the Five Forces Model of Michael Porter.Based on the data gathitherd by the Marketing Department, we get to constructed a Mission Statement to provide the company vision and a sense of directi on.All the in a spicyer place menti adeptd activities argon performed in order to compel options for future strategies to expedite further growth.The NEXT Company has been performing very well in the last years, sales have increased with more than 100% since 1995 and it increased 20% in the last year. If one looks at the rivals in the market the department store tag Spencer and the Arcadia Group (formerly Burton), the sales outcomes are less favourable. You can conclude this by looking at defer 1 and 2 down downstairs.Next Plc is one of the innovative companies in the market and was one of the first to adopt and develop an Internet based home shopping branch as a high street retailer. Though competitors (Arcadia) alike do business in this channel of retail, it is a highly lucrative way of offering products to customers and has a large growth potential (see table 5). Maybe one of the biggest advant seasons is the reject fixed cost that Internet selling brings with it because of trim down personnel cost and no shops are needed. nonpareil of the strengths the company in like manner has established is a good brand posture. The NEXT brand states individual style, good quality and hold dear for money. Everything in the stores is labelled NEXT and no other brand is sold inside the stores, the brand is perceived by the audience as top quality for an affordable price.1.2 W E A K N E S S E S Poor PlanningThe Gross Profit level of NEXT PLC was lower than the previous year. One of the reasons we found of this occurring is that there have been higher stock levels throughout 1999 and there is an increased proportion of sales make at below full price level. (Daily Mail, City and Finance, 16 Sept 1999)Expensive Currencylogo.gifThe expensive pound in contrast to other continental currencies pull up stakes bound growth in any main land expedition the company will be participating. The pound is expensive for continental customers and will favor mainland stores muc h(prenominal) as ESPRIT and HM. topesprit.gifOne can also see this in the companys results of the year ended January 2000 Sales in overseas stores are declining in turnover when reviewing the change throughout the year.1.3 O P P O R T U N I T I E SConsumers preference bragging(a) shopsIn a recent inquiry, Mintel found that most battalion like to shop in large businesses with a big offer of different types and makes of costume as you can see in Table 5. Especially men, prefer, when they go out for the purchasing of modern article of clothing, to go to one shop that has it all kind of of walking from the one shop to a nonher.E-Commercelogo_skydigital_ stark naked.gifThe development of the home shopping channel in the form of internet and digital TV still is in its early childhood and can be exploited more. However, one can see in tabel 5 that the online shopping sales are some doubling every year. mountain are buying more and more computers, yet the real opportunity lies non in this form, yet in the form of digital TV (see table 6 and 7). Almost everyone has a Televsion 97%, yet not everyone has a computer 33% in 1998 with an increase of approximately 5% annually.Expand Into parvenu Target GroupThe company could, as a result of the rationalize stated at the threat side of the SWOT analysis, expand into a new buyer group. In this way the company could use the threat of decreasing macrocosm of targeted age group as an opportunity. In order to reduce the dangers from reduced sales and get an extra benefit from the new people targeted, NEXT can open a shop under a new form or expand the product range in the existing stores.1.4 T H R E A T S Over displace MarketThe clothing retail market as well as department stores faces a highly competitive market. The market is overcrowded and still new entries are coming in from the main land (discussed later). Due to this costs rise and profit falls, for the companies have to make people aware of their products (as can be seen in table 1 and 2 of this report).In the future, to make the market healthy again, there have to be some acquisitions. This must be done in order to lower supply. In combination with a stabile or weakly fluctuating demand, this will make it possible for companies to rise prices again and redo profit margins.Population of Target Group DecreasesThe emergence of people in the age group that is targeted is declining. This is due to the fact that the baby boomers of the fifties are almost at pension age and the trend of smaller families is sustaining.The main target group of NEXT is people between 18 and 35 and as shown in table 5, one of the largest age groups (25-34) is moving out and as a substitute there is a 6.5% group moving in in the age category of 10-14. This will definitely cause reduced sales in the next 10 years and the retailers will have to look for another rootage of income.The trend of price offs is ruining the market reports of lower profit margins are com ing from all the companies in the sector, as can be seen in the financials of the competitor companies at the beginning of this report. The price offs are an outcome of the fact of another threat the market is overcrowded. Since NEXT has not had much trouble with the growing competition, this paradox can hurt business seriously. If people get used to the price promotions, they will be reluctant to pay more for the product in the future and that means death for the market. One advantage of this occurrence is that it will drive out the unhealthy part of the market as Sears PLC, who was dismantled last year. (taken from Mintel) level(p) after knowing the fact that the market is over crowded, the German fashion retailer ESPRIT wants to re cipher the market after abandoning it a couple of years ago. ESPRIT is a company that has all the necessary traits of a company to enter the market, for it has a large capital basis, a lot of experience and can create economies of outdo. Also with i ts brand it has a greatly differentiated product, which will create interest. (The Sunday Times 28 nov 1999)The expensive pound relative to the continental currencies and the Euro has made it hard for British companies to expand into the continent. This brings a disadvantage and an advantage UK products are expensive for continental citizens, yet the costs for the company are lower, because you get a lot of Euros out of a pound.Due to the European unification and the laws that came with it, the British government can not do much to steer the industry sector, for it will then be seen as an act against the monopolies legislation.Also the reluctance of the UK to join the Single European Currency in an entrepreneurs point of view was not such(prenominal) a wise choice, looking at the possible as well as current economic and business related outcomes. Some international companies are pulling out or demand to be invoiced in Euros.2.2 E C O N O M I CAs stated at the threats for the company , the population structure is changing because of the ageing of the population. The concentration of the age groups will shift to an older one because of the tendency of smaller families. great deal tend to be more active in the last few years and outdoor weekend activities are more popular than ever before. The population is more mobile. On there free time and is willing to spend more on the attributes concerning these activities such as clothing.On the other hand there is also a trend that there is more need for casual lay outing instead of the more formal requirements that used to be present at companies. The introduction of the casual Friday and home working makes this possible.2.3 S O C I A L / C U L T U R A LThe consumers outgo budget has increased significantly in the last few years due to the upturn in the economy.The ongoing trend of the last few years is the relaxation of dress codes throughout companies. A lot of corporations have adopted the casual Friday as a day wher e the dress code is less strict and there is no need for formal dressing.Due to the fact that people are spending more time in leisure activities, demand for other fabrics and clothing was created that would suit their needs in their free time activities. Active leisure is more popular now.The current expert advances in clothing are found in the fabrics that have entered the market in the pas few years. Focus is on comfort, in wearing and caring for the material. touristed are the multi- layered Gore-Tex and the flexible materials as Lycra. The advantage of these materials is that they are warm, light, thin, comfortable and easy to clean.Also the further development of the Internet and the relative ease that people can acquire clothing without having to leave their house is an interesting development in the market. More and more retailers are becoming multi-channel retailers by offering their service online. Examples of this are of course www.nextdirectory.co.uk , but also the gro cer at www.Tesco.com and bookstores at www.whsmith.co.uk.* The threat of new entrants is rather low, yet, as said before, the German ESPRIT company is trying to enter the market. This is an exemption, because ESPRIT has a lot of resources that make this possible as well as a lot of experience. In words of product differentiation they are in the league of Levis and Benneton. These brands have as extra benefits Image and superior quality.* As we already know, the bargaining power of our suppliers is very low for there are a lot of companies supplying this market so substitution is easy (see table 10). The problem, however, is the quality we ask from our suppliers. Most of the suppliers only deliver into this market, yet can also change to other markets (professional clothing) that are less profitable and the level of competition is great.* The products that can reduce our sales in the form of substitute products or work are not there, there is however a threat of Internet portals and other forms of home shopping. This is not a severe threat for the company already is active in this channel of selling. The discount retailing of A-brands as Levis in outlets through parallel imports can be a problem.* In the prospect of the consumers there is not much leverage from their account their money spent on clothing per person is not substantial enough looking at our heart and soul sales and their total spending budget.* There is some rivalry in the ranks of the market, for there are declining sales due to a decreasing market. In order to attain customer base, companies have increased their discounts and that leads to the destruction of the market. This is caused by the fact that people do not want to pay the full price criterion of the products and companies will have to suffice with lower profit margins.The companys philosophy is to offer quality fashionable clothing, accessories and furnishings for a good price. We can ensure good prices because of our companionship of the market and by buying in large volumes. Next puts a lot of effort in ensuring and improving our service to our customers and we constantly seek new innovative opportunities to expand our business to fulfil the market needs.The employees of next all work towards the same goal providing the customer good value and quality in service in all the companys fields of business and build a prosperous company image.The company has a strong drive to increase the value of the company and actively looks new ways to achieve this goal. We have made sure of this in the past and definitely will continue this trend in the future in order to increase shareholder wealth.4.1 E x p l a n a t i o nAfter careful examination of the companys features, we came to the Mission Statement above, to give the company a sense of direction. Referring to the book Marketing Strategy and Management by Michael Baker, we found that the following ticker points should be in a mission statement and we give a brief ex planation how we inserted themCompany philosophyThis is also directly bonded to the other points that are included, for it provides the way the company wants to be seen its image.Concern for shareholdersShareholders are the providers of finance for a company and there is no use before there are financial inputs for the company. In order to secure this in the future, when expansions are current issues, we need extra monetary incentives to achieve these goals. The part of the mission statemetn that deals with shareholder wealth is in line 7Concern for EmployeesEmployees are the most important part of the company for they are the direct link to your customers and represent the company. To give them a sense of belonging and a notion of what the company expects from them, the part in line 5 is included.Customer careNext always seeks to give the price, value and quality products and services the upper hand when turning towards customers. This can also be seen in the way the company sees the splendor of its personnel in relation to its customers.Future objectivesThe company needs to look into the future and sees it as expanding into new (parts of the) market and improving the customer care by streamlining activities. It also wants to continue the trend of success it has had in the last 5 years5. C O N C L U S I O N S P R O P O S A L S5.1 OPTION A ENTER A NEW AGE GROUP WITH NEW SHOPAs stated in the SWOT analysis earlier on in this document, the target group of NEXT is decreasing in size due to the fact that the bay boomers are moving out. There could be a possible action to increase profits by entering this part of the market, as the CEO of Esprit, Heinz Krogner, says in the Times of 28 November 1999 The population is getting older but not in their attitudes. People do not want to look old, they want to dress young1.People of older age are more established and have more money and free time. Also stated in this report that there is a propensity to tune your cloth es towards the free time spending and that is another possibility to increase turnover and therewith profits.5.2 OPTION B GO INTO NEW PRODUCT AREASearch another product area, in which the target group is interested during research, there was a statement in Mintel that one of the causes of degradation of sales was the fact that young people spend more on technology (mobile phones, sound carriers, etc). This addition to the product range offering, can create a total package and lift the product range of clothing and accessories to a new level.Th problem is that we will be introducing different brands into our product offering and that will decrease the level of exclusiveness of our products, for we have only sold NEXT branded products so far.5.3 OPTION C INCREASE SHOP SIZES AND PRODUCT OFFERINGSIn a report of Mintel, it concluded that men prefer to shop in the largest shops where there was everything on hand, so that they only had to go to one shop in order to buy the things they want ed.If you increase shop sizes and and then increase the number and types of clothing and accessories, it will have a larger impression on the potential customer. Larger shops also create larger economies of scale and that brings on favourability in pricings looking at the competition and the need to lower our fixed costs5.4 R E C O M E N D A T I O N SAs the marketing department of the company, we suggest that we expand our services as stated under option A.Option B will bring a lot of disadvantages with it including staff training and more competition. For sure, the customer needs to be educated to know that the NEXT Company sells personal audio and other accessories.As a disadvantage of option C we see that this will not generate that much extra sale, yet decrease our fixed costs. A company must not see reducing cost as their core objective when there is an opportunity to increase sales and create a base for further growth as stated in option A.The number of people outside our reg ular target group will exceed the number in it in the near future (as can be seen in table 8) and that is why we need to be innovative and use this opportunity in our benefit.

Theory of Alienation by Karl Marx

Theory of Alienation by Karl MarxIntroductionKarl Marx has been dubbed as one of the most prolific and influential thinkers of the nineteenth century. He advocated the creation of a classless society that would be guided through proper democracy and equality. In essence, Marx criticized the capitalist arranging as an order in which the powerful firms seduce gained considerable power and clout. He argued that workers argon treated as commodities under this placement. The theory of alienation argues that workers be disenchanted with their work because it is controlled and superintend by hierarchies of managers and supervisors. The individual creativity and freedom has been stifled in the name of efficiency and effectiveness. Furthermore, Marx argues that the abject meagerness of workers way of life that they cannot live in prosperous conditions. The capitalist strategy reaps tremendous meshwork but gives meager wages to its workers. Marx also believed that alienation resulted in workers being suspicious of each other due to the militant nature of capitalism. Finally the workers atomic number 18 instructed to perform specific tasks which be against the intimate nature of humanity. This nature helps them to attain creativity and design robust challenges to new problems. This idea will seek to analyze the four types of alienation that are observed in Marxs theory. The personal experiences of the researcher will also be included in this report.Aspects of AlienationKarl Marx argued that alienation was a natural consequence of capitalism because of several reasons. This is because the workers are manipulated by the forces of capitalism in order to change magnitude productivity and output. The results are that the workers will ultimately lose hope and determination (Leopold, 67). This is because the capitalists strive to ensure that the work activities of the workers are oriented towards specific goals and objectives. The disposition of organizations is to ensure that workers can be exploited to attain the maximum surplus value. The worker is considered to be an instrument which leads to the loss of personal identity. It can lead to frustration and resentment since the modes of production are privately owned.Alienation from Products of own LaborMarx argued that the capitalist system seeks to create an illusion that workers are adequately compensated for the work that is performed. In essence, the capitalist system seeks to control the workers by deriving the benefits from the work activities of the latter. This can create alienation which can lead to serious consequences for entire society. In addition, the push downrs are manipulated which is extend tod through the oblation of products (Desai, 93). The huge profits reaped by the capitalist system also can cause high levels of resentment and frustration among the workers.Alienation from Act of Producing ItselfMarx believed that the capitalist system encouraged mechanical and re petitive work patterns that do not create any intrinsic value for the workers. The power of workers is transformed into a commodity which is manifested in the form of wages (Carver, 78).Capitalism controls the destinies of the workers by supervising and directing their work activities. This creates serious resentment among the workers who feel deprived of their destinies. In addition, the workers are unable to consume the products that are developed by them within a capitalist system.Alienation from his or her species beingMarx argued that human beings have the capability to develop dynamic cerebration through the pursuit of multiple endeavors. Thus humanity retains the ability to contemplate the surrounding environment and develop robust challenges to problems. Marx therefore argues that human society is characterized by a constant state of flux and change. The social classes emerge to overthrow existing orders and manipulate the masses (Carver, 78). The results are that a new cla ss kindred that exists in capitalism steadytually stifles the creativity and innovation of human beings. This can create resentment which leads to serious consequences.Alienation from ProducersMarx argued that capitalism eventually confines effort to the position of a commercial commodity. This means that social relationships are ignored while human beings under the system strive to attain endurance or betterment. The competitive nature of capitalism eventually creates conflicts and disputes. This can cause high levels of alienation and resentment among the masses (Carver, 80). The staple structure of the capitalist system is such that it can cause deterioration in social structures and relationships since workers must compete for scarce resources in order to survive.Personal AlienationI have been work as a sales coordinator for a large organization that is involved in the sale of curtains, sofas, beds, and other furniture. Marx argues that the primary form of alienation is wh en the workers feel disappoint with the work activities. This is true for me in many ways. A sales job can be frustrating as we are told to meet basic targets and increase the revenues of the firm. Marx argued that pre-capitalist societies allowed artisans to have a degree of independence in their work activities. Modern capitalist organizations tend to have hierarchies in which the workers are controlled through a system of checks and controls (Wolff, 91). Managers seek to develop the targets and ensure that compliance with organizational policies is achieved.As a sales coordinator, I feel disillusioned with my work activities because of the absence of any incentives. The immense hours means that I have to ensure that goals are being met in an efficient and effective manner. The sales strategy promoted by the firm is based upon the touch sensation that existing approaches will be implemented. There is no concept of workers shore leave which could lead to high levels of creativi ty and innovation. This creates problems because Marx argued that it was essential for workers to be given high levels of autonomy in order to increase their motivation. The second point of Marxs theory is the fact that workers are living in abject poverty due to the conditions of capitalism. He argues that workers are unable to meet their basic requirements due to the wage structure and working conditions of the capitalist system. As a sales coordinator, I believe that this is true because I have to ensure that targets are being met in an efficient and effective manner. The commissions earned from direct selling are often inadequate to meet the basic requirements of life. Wages earned from a sales position are adequate for sustenance but they do not enable me to improve my quality of life. It means that I continue to remain trapped within my specific social class due to the structure of the capitalist system (Wolff, 96). Income disparities remain in the join States as top executiv es are earning remuneration that is fifty times greater than sales coordinators like me. The income gaps create a sense of resentment and alienation towards the system. indeed my organization is an oligarchy which does not have the proper functions of a democracy.Marx argues that workers do not control their destinies because the capitalist system tends to have overwhelming influence over the modes of production. The results are that workers are unable to increase productivity and output. They cannot derive significant social relationships from each other (Wolff, 93). Marx argues that capitalism has created a system whereby work activities are confined to a set of mechanical and repetitive tasks. For these tasks, the workers are provided meager wages that are inadequate to respond to their primary needs and requirements. As a sales coordinator, I have always focused on competition rather than creating a collaborative network with my fellow colleagues. This is because it is essenti al for sales coordinators to improve the revenues and profits of the firm. Each worker strives to move up the ladder through competitive strategy. the concept of cooperating or working together as a team has been replaced by the conception of competition. Each person therefore perceives his or her own interests rather than analyzing the common interests. As a consequence, I have to compete for scarce resources in order to improve sales. My only duty is to ensure that the organizational targets are being met in an efficient and effective manner.Marx argues that humans are born with the intrinsic ability to contemplate and perceive about the entire environment. This helps to encourage creativity which can be used to resolve complex situations. In addition, humans desire freedom and autonomy as a means of escaping the harsh social structures. Marx believes that social structures have always exerted a strong influence on individuals by creating a set of rules and regulations. In additi on, humans must be left free to develop according to their interests and passions. This is surprisingly absent in the capitalist system that seeks to control the workers by treating them as commodities (Singer, 67). As a sales coordinator, I have to work according to the whims and desires of the management. This means that I will seek to achieve the targets of the firm. I will be left with no time in order to pursue my passions or interests. The job is necessary because it is vital for survival in a harsh environment. The market conditions determine the nature of human work. In my example, the needs of my furniture company are to target consumers and develop robust marketing strategies. As a sales coordinator, I have to ensure that consumers can be reached in an efficient and effective manner. much of Marxs theory of alienation frame appropriate even in the twenty first century. The abject poverty of workers rest in the world with sweatshop like conditions. The power and clout of the capitalist organizations remains superior. The workers are forced to undergo harsh activities in exchange for meager wages.ConclusionKarl Marxs theory of alienation was postulated in the nineteenth century which was characterized by the wage hike of capitalism. Industrialization had swept the developed world along with other phenomenon like urbanization, immigration, and capitalism. Marx argued that the capitalist system was based upon reinforcing the divisions of class. His theory of alienation appears to be appropriate even today. His first premise was that workers were alienated with their job duties. Capitalism had controlled the aspects of workers by forcing them to perform monotonous and repetitive tasks. Another premise is that workers live in abject poverty because of the meager wages that are given to them. Workers do not have control over their work activities which stifles their creativity and innovation. It also creates the conditions for oppression and exploitatio n at the hands of capitalist enterprises. Another premise of this theory is that workers do not have social relationships. The urge to compete has thus led to the destruction of the notion of cooperation and collaboration. Finally Marx argued that the workers were unable to attain self actualization in the capitalist environment. This is because capitalism seeks to create rules and regulations that will ultimately create bad conditions for workers. Personally, I have been alienated with my job as a sales coordinator. This is because of the poor working conditions. In addition, the checks and controls have led to monotonous work activities.

An Analysis Of The Sony Corporation

An Analysis Of The Sony stomachCurrent ActivitiesToday, the Sony Corporation is a multi res publicaal assemble headquartered in Toyko, Japan. The confederacy is one of the worlds astronomicst media conglomerates and is one of the leading diligencers of electronics, video, communication, video games consoles and IT proceedss for the consumer and profession markets. However, Sony is better known for its highschool quality consumer electronics, which account for 61% of total revenues. In 2008, the familiarity had revenues exceeding 7.730.00 Trillion or $78.88. (Rugman, 2009)ProductsModern day Sony is known for its innovative products such as the Triniton colour picture Bravia High Definition television Playstation video console VAIO laptop Music active phones Walkman and Discman personal stereos.(See concomitant B. For a list of Sonys product)Modern StrategyCulture Industry and Media SynergySony is treasure as a total pastime company. This means it is no longer simply a ma nufacturer of technical hardware but is an integral grammatical constituent of a culture industry. Sony likes to adopt a media synergy.This term was employed to refer to a schema, adopted by many hardware and software producing companies of attempting to synchronize and actively forge connections between directly related technologies and areas of entertainment. (du Gay, 1997)ProductsFor its audio-visual products Sonys strategy boils down to producing audio, visual and electronic gadgets and controlling the content that goes by them. For example, Sonys successful Playstation 2 games console allows the company to provide the hardware necessary for the firm to capture the games market. (Rugman, 2009)The strategy reflects Sonys media synergy which came partly from an acknowledgment that Sonys Walkman1 was useless without the c assette that was inserted to it, which was in turn useless without the unisonal recording artists and the companys Betamax videocassette2 rec outrank was use less without video-cassettes of films and music. (du Gay, 1997)Moreover, the outright ownership of CBS (music), MGM (movies) and Sony BMG (Music) allows the company access the film and movie industry and music artists. These are forms of entertainment which are viewed and listened to via Sonys products. commercializeTo take the companys commitment to succeeding globosely and understanding how commercial enterprise is performed elsewhere, the company seeks to fit into host country communities. Therefore Sony seeks toHire locallyStrike a poise between the sign of the zodiac culture and local culture phonationicipate in the local community.In addition, Sony prefers to list the company on the local stock supervene upon appoint well respected local executives to the Board of Directors and develop a local product dispersion system. (du Gay, 1997)internationalization HistorySonys entry into remote markets appears to restrain followed the typical internationalization work out. ( See Figure 1.1) The company initially obtained a license from a US company, Bell Lab, in direct to recreate the transistor engineering in its radio. These products were produced with success and prototypical introduced to the local Japanese market. The products were then merchandiseed to markets of similar consuming habits. Export of these goods occurred via a distributors and then some time later through and through the companys own subsidiaries. Factories were then realized in different markets, where products could be produced closer to the export market and at a cost discount. The final stage of the FDI process occurred when Sony embarked upon opening its own RD and marketing facilities, enabling lasting market presence and understanding of opposed markets.The growth of Sony as a company and its technologies occurred inside a process of interaction between the US and Japan. As the company grew, Sony executives obtained knowledge from constant visits to the US, acquired the rights to produce transistors from the US and found that North the States provided a study market for its audio-visual products. The adoption of the anatomy Sony and the standardization of products such as the Walkman were adopted with the aim of being a global brand (du Gay, 1997)Sony first embarked upon FDI via a totally owned subsidiary in the US in 1960. However, over the last 60 years it has engaged in Joint Ventures (JVs), Mergers and Acquisitions (MA) and Strategic Alliances. (E.G. Sony-Ericsson, Sony-Microsoft and Sony-Sharpe)Throughout the mid-eighties two important developments indicate how Sony began actively extending its presence as a global corporation. First, the company aimed to operate in all markets across the world, to reach as many potential consumers as possible. Second, the company aimed to reorganize processes of issue in such a way so that they would not be limited to the constraints of the nation state. In such a case, a particular concern was how the effectiveness and international competitiveness of Japanese companies were constrained by the value of the Japanese YEN. This meant that goods produced in Japan were more expensive when exported and in competition with those in other parts of the world. (du Gay, 1997)To pursue these aims, Sony adopted a strategy of globalisation that involved sorrowful their manufacturing and marketing operations to different locations around the world and setting up local operations in different locations around the world. (du Gay, 1997)One of Sonys motives for moving its manufacturing operations was a straight-forward attempt to follow its competitors and reduce labour costs. For example, the first Walkmans were manufactured and assembled in Japan so that the companys management could be close to operations and make any necessary modifications, once up and running and not requiring so many modifications, additional assembly factories were established in Malaysia and Taiwan. (du Gay, 1997)The grad ual blend came to move operations so that they could respond directly to local conditions. For example, Teletext was developed onsite in the UK and Triniton TV was developed locally in France. (du Gay, 1997)An additional practical consideration was that by establishing and presenting themselves as a local company, Sony could use various national and pan regional rules and regulations to procure the most appropriate and cost effective environment to manufacture and produce its products. The company could exploit cheap labour in Malaysia, take advantage of grants in that location were avail equal to(p) to attract new electronic industries in the UK. (du Gay, 1997)In the 1980s 1990s, Sony began to rapidly flip ones wig into Europe. (See Appendix A- history timeline). Sony was vigorous in its international expansion. The company chose to expand into similar markets, such as US and Europe. These markets had large populations, high incomes per capita and a consumer culture. Therefore , the other two TRIAD regions were good markets to promote and sell Sony products.The companys strategy is to be present in its market of distribution and consequently it established a number of factories to develop and distribute its products. The objective is to understand the local market and consumer demands. Sony has a strategy of introducing its products first to its local market (Japan), exam consumer preferences and then introduces these products to its international markets.The adoption of the name Sony (in 1957) was in any case an attempt to communicate the brand and its products to the market. Sony was able to do this over a significant period of time. Sony learnt significantly from expert, productivity and efficiency improvements this was a stimulant for its international trade and the international product life cycle. (Vernon, 1966)Today, Sony has developed a strategy to not only create applied science but to control the content that goes into them. Therefore Son y has embarked upon a number of MAs. First with a 50/50 JV with CBS, which Sony eventually bought outright and alike a venture with Columbia Tristar Pictures, MGM, BMI and a number of media companies. Sony has also embarked upon JVs with software companies such as Microsoft. The companys strategy is to be present across all levels of the entertainment industry.CASE STUDIESSONY WALKMANWalkman is a trademark of Sony Corporation, used originally to market its range of portable audio players. In July, 1979, the original Sony Walkman portable music player the TPS L2 was introduced. Sony promoted the image of enjoying music, anywhere, anytime using industry advertisements featuring celebrities with the product. The first Walkman was marketed under the Walkman brand in Japan, but in other markets it was originally sold under various names including Soundabout (USA), Stowaway (UK) and Freestyle in Australia. Walkman players become very popular in Japan and foreign tourists visiting Japan who bought them as souvenirs, this prompted Sony to standardise the name to Walkman worldwide (Uggla and Verick, 2008)SONY-ERICSSONSony Ericcson was established as a 50/50 Joint Venture in 2001 by Sony and Ericsson (a mobile communications infrastructure and systems business based in Sweden) Sony Ericsson functions as a pitchfork entity designing, producing and marketing cellular phones and accessories. It had revenues of 13 billion euros in 2007, from the carapace of 100 million units which is a global market share of 9%. (Uggla and Verick, 2008)Sony Ericsson had recognised a segment for dedicated music phones various MP-3 enabled handsets were on the market but there was little differentiation among them. Sony Ericsson decided to investigate and launch a music phone. The company decided to incorporate Walkman into the music phone branding. Sony established that Walkman branding encouraged around 67% of people to buy the phone by adding credibleness to the music player. (Uggla and Verick, 2008)Internationalisation TheoriesThe following trade theories are applicable to Sonys process when entering new marketsDunnings Eclectic Paradigm of InternationalisationSony was able to successfully expand abroad due to its firm specific and intellectual competitive advantages. Furthermore, the company had successfully established itself in its home market and generating sufficient expertise to export its high-tech consumer electronics abroad.FSA Sony possesses FSAs through the development of intellectual capital. In addition, the Sony brand names (e.g. Walkman, Playstation, Triniton, Bravia) carry significant worldwide consumer valueDue to superior FSAs over some(prenominal) domestic and international rivals Sony was able to engage in FDI. Amongst other things Sonys first FSA was it transistor engineering science. Through this, Sony was able to differentiate itself from its rivals. It was able to provide high tech, in demand(predicate) products.Sonys FSA also came from its personnel. The companys co-owners (a Physicist and an Engineer), managers and other employees were of high quality, possessed a high degree of technical know-how and desire to improve the companys industry position.internalization Sony possesses know-how and competitive advantage through the development of its products first at home and then applying this knowledge to foreign markets such as the USA and the Europe. As previously mentioned Sony was able to acquire foreign technology. The technology licence provided access to the transistor and allowed Sony to gain foreign technological know-how.According to Dunnings Eclectic paradigm Sonys strategy allowed the firm to acquire an intangible asset (transistor technology) apply this technology to its products, and then create a firm specific advantage. The intangible asset provided Sony with an exclusive piece of know-how that was specific to the firm.CSA Sony embarked upon FDI through the sale of its products not only in it s home market but also in the US, Europe and eventually the rest of the world. For example, once the transistor had been applied to its radio, Sony sold this concomitant in markets with similar tastes and income per capita. For example, after introducing the TR-55 radio to Japan in 1955, Sony then exported and sold its radios in the US and next Europe in 1957.This could not view as occurred without the existence of consumer demand. Sony also took advantage of favourable industry subsidies and national legislation, which encouraged the presence of high tech industries for example, the opening of Bridgend Factory in Wales.According to the eclectic paradigm, all three of the conditions necessary for FDI were present when Sony started its internationalisation process. Sony sought to increase its internalisation advantages and reduce transaction costs, through the purchase and development of new technology and reduce transaction costs through the establishment of its own subsidiary an d factory. Sonys actions increased its firm-specific advantages, through know-how and innovation. The company internalised and possessed an advantage over its rivals by retaining the technological know-how, rather than licence it to its competitors. Sony reduced the risk and threats from competitors by retaining its knowledge.DistributionSonys Initial decision to export its products via a distributor illustrates that company saw value in having a presence at heart the US market, but the company lacked significant knowledge of the market to justify distributing the products itself. Moreover, it was profitable to export products to the US as there was an abundance of wealth, the US consumer culture, and retail distribution networks. However, trade barriers, import taxes and unfavourable distribution contracts eventually led Sony to establish a subsidiary within the US market.Overseas Production MalaysiaFurthermore, Sony eventually located part of its production process to Malaysia. This occurred once the company was satisfied with its local and international products. This also occurred in order to offset the rising costs in the home market, Japan. Sony was able to engage in FDI to Malaysia as the company had generating sufficient amounts of FSAs and ISAs.Uppsala Internationalisation Process ModelPart of Sonys business strategy is known as localisation, which is the commitment to gaining market knowledge, cultural understanding and business expertise. Sony has initially licensed its transistor know-how from the US, it was decided that the company should also introduce its products to this market. The Uppsala model can therefore be applied to Sonys internationalisation process.When Sony first entered the US and Europe markets, the company knew little about local consumer demand. The attractions were altogether the educated populations, high incomes per capita, government trade measures and distribution networks. In addition, Sony believed that consumers in the se markets were similar to those in Japan.When Sony Executive visited the US and Europe, they collected data collection and analyse local consumer demand, at this point it was decided to export products to these locations. Sony then committed itself to further to the US and then Europe, through the establishment of its foreign subsidiaries, Sony America and Sony Corporation S.A. in 1960. The establishment of these subsidiaries resulted in further FDI, through distribution systems, marketing campaigns and listing on the local armoury Exchange.Sony was able to overcome some of its foreign company disadvantage as its held a constant presence within the local markets. The company committed itself to understanding how consumers behave and their reactions to new products. Sony was eventually able to engage in FDI as it gained significant knowhow, from exporting, distributing and establishing its own subsidiary, reducing transaction costs. Sony also used its current operating model and c onsumer tastes to establish itself in markets which it believed to be similar its own.For example, when Sony introduced its VAIO laptop to the US, the price and high technical specifications unlike Japan, were not popular with US consumers. Sony eventually modified its laptops to US consumer tastes. This led to a diminution in price and operating features which US consumers preferred.Joint Ventures (JVs) and PartnershipsSonys JVs, partnerships, mergers and acquisitions can be understood through the application of the Uppsala business modelThe JV with Ericsson allows the company to gain a first mover advantage from standard setting in the mobile telecommunication industry. Also, the JV allows instant access to the European consumer markets. The company seeks to gain an understanding of these distinct markets but does not have the time and know how. The JV establishes instant knowledge, with reduced acquisition times, creating instant presence and expertise within these markets.Hymer ian Theory Monopolistic Advantage TheorySonys issuance of ADRs in the early 1960s can be understood through the Hymers theory of Monopolistic Advantage, Market tycoon approach and Product and Factor market imperfections.Sony was able to exploit market imperfections as it could overcome threats from local firms due its ownership advantages (superior technological know-how, economies of scale at home) and other internalised advantages (managerial experience, product developments, existing supply chains, cost advantages). This allowed Sony to obtain favourable political ties, market connections and social positioning despite the fact Sony was a foreign firm. It was therefore advantageous for local Americans to take an equity position within such a rapidly emerging company.Moreover, Sony was operating in an oligopolistic market, fit in to Hymers theory of Monopolistic Advantage FDI takes place in such markets or industries rather than markets or industries operating under near perfec t competition. Markets imperfections, allowed Sony to obtain global competitive advantage. Companys which offer investors consistently high rates of income tax return, due to good products and consumer confidence is attractive to investors. Further investment into Sony, allows it to maintain its position of technological superiority.In addition, Sonys technological expertise meant that its products were attractive not only in Japan but throughout the rest of the world. But, Sony initially lacked knowledge in marketing and distribution and so initially used a distributor partner to export its products. This eventually changed when Sony acquired its own distribution system.For example, when Sony first introduced the Walkman in 1979, it did so in its home market first and followed this by introducing it under different brand names, Soundabout (USA) Stowaway (UK) and Freestyle in Australia (Uggla and Verick, 200) The company eventually standardised the Walkman name in the early 1980s. The adoption of the name was to communicate the brand and its products to the market. Sony was able to do this over time and learnt from technology and efficiency improvement which its applied it each of its markets.Product and Factor Market ImperfectionsSony embarked upon FDI as it understood it was able to overcome threats from local firms.Sonys strategy is to understand its consumers locally. The company therefore engages in RD and production in most of its subsidiary locations or within close proximity. This is so that it understands consumer tastes and local demand. This strategy can be explained using Caves, Product and factor imperfection.Sony is a market leader and so has superior technological experience and finance to establish local RD and production facilities to understand and satisfy consumer sensibilities. This provided an advantage as the company could combine its know-how, to create products that rival indigenous firms.Internalisation TheoryThis applies to Sony as t he company chose to enter the US under its own brand name as opposed to developing the technology and then marketing it on to another company. It retained the knowledge, applied it to its new markets and gained an understanding of consumers in these locations. The company also established subsidiaries as opposed to export via distributors.Market Power ApproachThis theory applies to Sony through the number of mergers and acquisition the company has engaged in over the last 30 years.Sony has embarked upon a number of mergers and acquisitions throughout its history. The companys strategy is to own not only the content of its technology but also the means by which this technology is used. This has encouraged Sony to acquire music, film, and gaming companies, in order to better understand its consumers but also dictate the market. For example, the company has increased its power by being dominant within consumer electronics both nationally and internationally.In 2001, the 50 /50 Joint v enture with Ericsson (a mobile communicate infrastructure and systems business based in Sweden) created a separate entity whereby Sony designs, produces and markets cellular phones and accessories. In 2007, the company had revenues of 13 billion, from the sale of 100 million units which is a global market share of 9%. (Uggla and Verick, 2007)The partnership between these two firms establishes the argument that international production is conducted between industrialized countries and their companies. Moreover, this partnership was established so that both companies could gain a competitive advantage over domestic and international rivals. The ability of both companies to exploit the know-how of the partner and move into new industries can be understood through the market power approach. Sony is now active in the global mobile telecommunications industry. This has allowed it to internalise its know how further, and provided instant market presence within a new industry and new intern ational markets.Word Count 3,419Figure 1.1 Internationalisation ProcessFigure 1.1 Entry into foreign markets the internationalisation process ( inception Rugman, 2009)SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHSWEAKNESSESSony is a large corporation, it is able to concentrate and dedicate manpower to product quality, RD, marketing, distribution, etc.The company has very few time and financial constraints.Brand names and company know howInternal managementKey products e.g., Sony PlaystationSony designs, manufactures and sells its own products.Sonys return on investment has been low because of the large amount of capital dedicated to its factories. Sonys Return on Equity is typically around 5%, this could be higher. striking workforceOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSFocus on BRIC and emerging economiesContinue seeking diverse JVs with industry leading companies e.g., Sony EricssonContinue to develop and improve key consumer electronics, TV, computers, MP3 and wireless technologyNew growth areas active phone intern et technologyOutsourced manufacturing to increase Return on EquityLarge Organisation Must remain streamlineEconomic slowdownInterest rate differentialsFlat sales, falling profit marginsLate comer to key electronic sectors, such as flat-screen TVs and digital videodisc recorders.AppendicesAppendix A. TimelineIn 1952 Totsuko (Sony) launched a successful tape-recorder businessIn 1955 Totsuko adopted the name Sony, it was believed that the name had not only universal appeal but also easy to pronounce. The company also launched its first Transistor Radio the TR-55 in this same year.In 1955, Sony enters into an agreement with Delmonico International to distribute it products within the US. In December, 1958 Sony launched its poke sized radio the TR-63 to the US market.In January 1958, Sony is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. In 1959, Sony decides to distribute its own products. (To protect its brand name)The group established Sony America and Sony Overseas S.A. established near Zuri ch, Switzerland, in 1960. The group launched the worlds first direct-view portable TV, the TV8-301. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1961, the group was the first Japanese company to offer shares in the US, in the form of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) on the OTC market of the New York Stock Exchange. In the following year, the group launched the worlds smallest and lightest transistor TV, TV5-303. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1968, Sony (UK) Ltd. was established in the UK (later recognised as Sony UK Ltd., in 1993). The CBS/ SONY Records Inc. a 50 50 JV with CBS Inc of the US was also established this year.In 1970, Sonys shares were listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1971, Sony launched 3/4 -inch u-matic colour video cassette recorder. (Datamonitor, 2008)A factory was established in San Diego, California, in 1972, followed by a factory in Bridgend, Wales in 1974, which served both the UK and Europe. The Betamax VCR, the SL-6300, the worlds first home -use video system was introduced in 1975. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1979, Sony Prudential Life insurance Co. Ltd, the 50-50 joint venture with Prudential Insurance Co. Of America, was established. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1979, Sony launched the Walkman, the 3.5 inch micro floppy disk drive in 1981 the worlds first CD player in 1982 the first consumer camcorder in 1983 8mm video in 1988 and the first digital VTR in 1985. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 1988, the group bought CBS Record to form Sony Music Entertainment, and in 1989, the company purchased Columbia pictures, forming Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc., in 1991. (Datamonitor, 2008) In 1990, Sony acquires 12 business including CBS records INC and Columbia Tristar Pictures.In 1993, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc, was established, during the same time Sony launched the VAIO a home-se PC series. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2001, the group established Sony Bank in Japan and Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2001, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications established In 2002, Sony absorbs Aiwa (a form Japanese audio visual manufacturer) via mergerIn 2003, Sony launched the worlds first next generation high capacity optical Blu-ray Disc recorder BDZ-S77. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2004, Sony established a music distribution company, Sony BMG Music Entertainment. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2005, Sony completed the acquisition of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), one of the worlds largest in camera held, independent motion picture, television and home video companies. (Datamonitor, 2008)In 2009, the Sony decided to form a joint venture (JV) with Sharp Corporation. The JV which will be established in March 2010, will engage in the manufacturing and sales of liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal module. (Datamonitor, 2008)Appendix B. Sonys Main Brands depictType of productBraviaVisualCybershotPhoneDiscmanAudioPlaystation (23)Games ConsoleTrintonVisualWalkmanAudioSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationAppendix C. Sonys Main CompetitorsSource Datamonitor Sony Corpo rationAppendix D. Sonys Business ActivitiesSony operates through five segments 1.Electronic, 2.Games, 3.Finance, 4.Pictures and 5. OthersSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationSource Datamonitor Sony CorporationAppendix E. Sony ProductsSource Datamonitor Sony Corporation

Pain: A Part Of Life :: essays research papers

"There is much suffer that is quite noiseless and that pip human agonies are often a mere whisper in the of hurrying existence. There are glances of hatred that stab and raise no waul of murder robberies that leave man of woman for ever beggared of peace and joy, yet kept secret by the sufferer-committed to no sound except that of low moans in the night, seen in no writing except that made on the face by the slow months of suppressed anguish and early morning tears. Many an inherited sorrow that has marred a spiritedness has been breathed into no human ear." George Eliot (1819-80), English novelist,editor. Felis Holt, the Radical, Introduction (1866).What is nuisance? In the American Heritage Dictionary, pain is referred to as "an unpleasant sensation occurring in varying degrees of severity as a consequence of injury, disease, or emotional disorder." The word is rooted in affection English, from an Old French piene, from Latin poena, meaning "penalty or pa in", and from Greek pointe, meaning "penalty." Pain is a very realistic problem that many an(prenominal) individuals face daily. People can wear pain on the outside like a mask, hiding them from the world, but it also can hide rich within them waiting to be freed by some emotional circumstance. Oddly enough, pain is one on the most feared apprehensions in the mind of humans, yet in some situations, is the most rejoiced. In this paper I will take a close look at pain, from its true meaning to real life occurrences in which pain is a reality.We all know what pain feels like, for everyone has experienced it at one time in their lives. There are two dimensions of pain the physical and the emotional pain. Physical pain is a sensation of pure discomfort. For example, when you are walking through your house and stump your toe on a table leg, you dont just stand there and say, "That hurt." You yell loudly to the world (either nice or naughty) that you stumped your toe. The physical aspects of pain can vary greatly from a sharp prick with a shot to the excruciating pain of childbirth.Emotional pain has to be the most horrid, in my opinion, of all types of pain. It feels as if your insides are being wrenched out. When my girl and I broke up, I felt as if she had ripped my heart out and I was standing there watching while she stomped on it.

The Chained Women: When Religion and the State Intersect :: Free Essays Online

The Chained Women When Religion and the State Intersect When Israel was conceived as a Jewish state, questions arose over the division between the apparitional and the secular. Judaism is grounded in halakha, a detailed set of laws which guides observant Jews, but debate continues over whether Israel should adopt these religious laws to govern a largely secular population. Contradictions exist between the ancient laws and modern ideals, especially regarding womens rights. Most developed states strive to enact laws that dainty men and women fairly, but in Israel, where the rabbinic courts still adhere to ancient Jewish law, womens rights suffer. Divorce laws in particular give men spendthrift power over their wives, resulting in large numbers of women being denied their basic human right to marriage and family. According to halakhic law, a marriage can save be terminated in two ways the death of a spouse, or the giving of a sting. A cleave is a fo rmal rumor of divorce which can only be granted by the conserve to his wife, and he can refuse to give a get indefinitely. Until a get is both given and accepted, the wife remains an agunah, a chained cleaning lady. She cannot remarry, and any child born to an agunah becomes a mamzer, a bastard child (Haut 17). A husband who withholds a get is guilty of violating Article Sixteen of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (the right to marriage and family), but is not violating halakhic law and has the support of the rabbinical courts in Israel. Usually giving and accepting a get is a routine part of divorce proceedings in Israel, but a get is sometimes used as a bargaining tool during a divorce. A man can refuse to release a chained woman until he receives a divorce settlement he prefers. If she refuses to accept an unfair or demeaning settlement, then she remains an agunah. According to the Israel Womens Network, estimates of the number of anchored women in I srael today vary, the rabbinate claiming that there are only some 500, while womens organizations claim that there are thousands (IWN).